These controllable variables include : the factor of presentation , the factor of expectation , the factor of task , the factor of participation , the factor of cooperation , the factor of guidance , the factor of encouragement 具有可操作性的环境动机变量包括:直观性因素、期望性因素、任务性因素、参与性因素、协同性因素、指导性因素、鼓励性因素。
There are at least 14 factors that can impose influence on one " s learning motive directly or indirectly , factors including the factor of presentation , the factor of novelty , the factor of variety , the factor of task , the factor of relativity , the factor of challenge , the factor of cooperation , the factor of expectation , the factor of tutor , the factor of encouragement , the factor of participation , the factor of friendly intercourse , the factor of attribution and the factor of self - adaption . these factors are called environmental motive variables 对学习环境的构建是通过控制14种直接或间接影响学习动机的因素实现的,这14种环境动机因素包括:直观性因素、新异性因素、变化性因素、任务性因素、针对性因素、挑战性因素、协同性因素、期望性因素、指导性因素、鼓励性因素、参与性因素、交往性因素、归因性因素、自适应因素。